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United States Maritime Service
The United States Maritime Service (USMS) was established in 1938 under the provisions of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936.〔http://www.usmm.org/usms.html〕 The mission of the organization is to train people to become officers and crewmembers on merchant ships that form the United States Merchant Marine per Title 46 U.S. Code 51701.〔 Heavily utilized during World War II, the USMS has since been largely dissolved and/or absorbed into other federal departments, but its commissioned officers continue to function as administrators and instructors at the United States Merchant Marine Academy and the several maritime academies.
==Current role==
The U.S. Maritime Service falls under the authority of the Maritime Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The Commandant of the United States Maritime Service is the Maritime Administrator, and also serves as the Director of the National Shipping Authority and the Chairperson of the Maritime Subsidy Board.〔http://www.marad.dot.gov/about_us_landing_page/administrators_office_home/administrators_office_home.htm〕 The Secretary of Transportation may determine the number of individuals in the service, set the rates of pay, prescribe the service's uniform, and create and issue awards for the service. By law, the U.S. Maritime Service's rank structure must be the same as that of the U.S. Coast Guard,〔(46 USC § 1295e )〕 but uniforms worn are those of the U.S. Navy with distinctive USMS insignia and devices per 46 U.S. Code § 51701.
The Maritime Service is a "voluntary organization" and is not one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.〔〔(10 USC § 101(a)(5) )〕
Superintendents or presidents of the seven maritime academies in the U.S. are frequently commissioned in the U.S. Maritime Service, such as the Superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy. Additionally, some administrators and instructors at the maritime academies may be assigned rank in the Maritime Service. Those with U.S. Maritime Service rank indicate that by listing their rank and name, followed by "USMS".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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